Testicular Cancer
Testicular Cancer in Australia
Testicular cancer is a significant health concern for young men in Australia. It is the most common cancer in the age group of 15 to 39, with approximately 800 new cases diagnosed annually. Although relatively rare, the incidence rate has been increasing steadily in recent decades. The good news is that testicular cancer has one of the highest survival rates among all cancers, with over 95% five-year relative survival in Australia. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. At Shire Doctors and Dentists, we strive to raise awareness, empower young men with knowledge about self-examination, and encourage prompt medical attention for early diagnosis and treatment.
While the exact causes of testicular cancer are not yet fully understood, certain risk factors have been identified, including undescended testicles, family history of the disease, and a personal history of testicular cancer.
Symptoms of Testicular Cancer in Men
It is crucial to be aware of the common signs and symptoms of testicular cancer, which may include:
- A painless lump or swelling in one or both testicles.
- A change in the size, shape, or consistency of the testicles.
- Heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum
- A dull ache or sharp pain in the testicles or scrotum.
- Fluid buildup in the scrotum.
- Back pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen.
It is important to note that these symptoms are not exclusive to testicular cancer and may also be caused by other conditions. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of testicular cancer involves several steps, including:
- Physical Examination: A healthcare professional will perform a physical examination, including an examination of the testicles, to assess for any abnormalities or signs of cancer.
- Imaging Tests: Imaging tests, such as ultrasound and CT scans, are commonly used to visualize the testicles and evaluate any suspicious areas or masses. These tests help determine the size, location, and characteristics of the tumour.
- Tumour Marker Tests: Blood tests, specifically for tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), may be conducted. Elevated levels of these markers can indicate the presence of testicular cancer and provide valuable information about the type and stage of the disease.
- Biopsy: If a suspicious mass is detected, a biopsy may be performed. A small sample of testicular tissue is collected and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
Once a diagnosis of testicular cancer is confirmed, further tests, such as imaging scans and blood tests, may be conducted to determine the stage and extent of the disease. This information is crucial for developing an appropriate treatment plan.
Treatment
Treatment options for testicular cancer depend on the stage and type of cancer, as well as individual factors such as age and overall health. The main treatment modalities include:
- Surgery: Surgical removal of the affected testicle, called radical inguinal orchiectomy, is the primary treatment for most cases of testicular cancer. In cases of early-stage cancer, this may be the only necessary treatment. If the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, additional lymph node dissection may be performed.
- Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy may be recommended for some cases, particularly when cancer cells have spread to nearby lymph nodes. It involves the use of high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of testicular cancer, particularly for more advanced cases or when the cancer has spread to distant organs. It involves the administration of anti-cancer drugs either orally or intravenously to destroy cancer cells throughout the body.
- Surveillance: For certain cases of early-stage testicular cancer, active surveillance or "watchful waiting" may be recommended. Regular follow-up appointments, including physical examinations, blood tests, and imaging tests, are conducted to monitor any changes in the tumor or disease progression. If necessary, treatment can be initiated promptly.
It is important to note that testicular cancer has a high cure rate, even in cases of more advanced disease. With early detection and appropriate treatment, the chances of successful treatment and long-term survival are significantly improved.
In Conclusion
At Shire Doctors and Dentists, we are committed to providing comprehensive care and support for individuals with concerns about testicular cancer. Our experienced healthcare professionals work closely with patients to develop individualized investigation plan and provide ongoing support throughout the treatment journey.
If you have any concerns or require further evaluation, please don’t hesitate to schedule an appointment. Our compassionate team is here to provide guidance, answer your questions, and support you through your testicular cancer diagnosis and treatment process.
Remember, early detection and timely intervention are key to successful outcomes. Regular self-examinations, awareness of symptoms, and seeking medical attention for any concerns can contribute to the early detection and improved prognosis of testicular cancer.
Your Trusted Men's Health GP in the Shire
At Shire Doctors and Dentists, we have a number of trusted and professional men’s health GPs available who can assist you with further information on prostate and bowel problems, sexual health, lifestyle checks and other health-related questions.
Are you concerned with any of the mentioned issues, or do you have other health conditions you wish to discuss with a professional?
Book an appointment with a men’s health GP at Shire Doctors and Dentists today.