Skin Cancer Overview

Skin Cancer Overview

Skin cancer is a form of cancer that originates in the skin cells, often as a result of long-term damage to the skin’s DNA, typically caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. This damage leads to abnormal cell growth that does not behave in the typical manner. Skin cancer cells grow and multiply more rapidly than normal skin cells, which often results in lesions that bleed, weep, or become ulcerated. These cancerous cells can invade nearby tissues and, if left untreated, may spread to other parts of the body, forming secondary cancerous deposits that can become life-threatening. 

In Australia, skin cancer is a significant public health issue, contributing to 80% of all new cancer diagnoses each year. Although statistics for non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are not centrally tracked, it is estimated that over 450,000 cases of NMSC are diagnosed annually, leading to approximately 500 deaths, mainly from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is more precisely recorded, with around 12,000 new cases diagnosed each year and an average of 1,200 deaths.

Early detection and treatment are critical in managing skin cancer, as it can significantly improve the prognosis and reduce the risk of complications or death. Regular skin checks and monitoring for any changes in existing moles or new growths are essential for identifying skin cancer at its earliest and most treatable stages.

Types of Skin Cancer

There are three primary types of skin cancer: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), and Melanoma. Additionally, conditions such as Actinic Keratosis (AK) and other rarer types of skin cancer also contribute to the broader classification of skin cancers.

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer and originates in the basal cells, which are located in the deepest layer of the epidermis. BCC is typically associated with long-term sun exposure and appears as a small, shiny, or waxy bump on the skin. Although BCC rarely spreads to other organs, it can grow locally and cause significant damage to surrounding tissue if left untreated. The risk of disfigurement is particularly high on the face and other visible areas of the body.

Symptoms of BCC include:

  • A small, raised, pearly or waxy bump
  • A flat, scar-like area with a raised edge
  • Blood vessels visible within the lesion
  • Bleeding, crusting, or ulceration at the site

Treatment:

The most common treatment for BCC is surgical excision, where the tumour and surrounding tissue are removed. Cryotherapy (freezing), topical treatments like 5-fluorouracil (Efudix), or radiation therapy may also be used, depending on the tumour’s size, location, and depth.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer and arises from the squamous cells found in the outer layer of the skin. Prolonged UV radiation exposure, especially in fair-skinned individuals, is a major risk factor for developing SCC. It typically presents as a red, scaly patch, or a firm, raised growth that may ulcerate, bleed, or become crusted.

SCC is more likely than BCC to spread to other parts of the body, making it crucial to seek treatment as soon as any concerning symptoms arise. The rapid growth and potential for metastasis make SCC particularly dangerous.

Symptoms of SCC include:

  • A firm, red nodule or bump
  • A crusted, scaly lesion that bleeds easily
  • An ulcer or open sore that doesn’t heal
  • Recurring sores in the same area

Treatment:

Surgical removal is the preferred treatment for SCC. Other options include cryotherapy, topical treatments (such as Efudix cream or Aldara), and in some cases, radiation therapy for larger or more advanced lesions.

Melanoma

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths worldwide. It arises in the melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin. Although melanoma is less common than BCC and SCC, it is far more aggressive and has a higher potential to spread to other organs. It often develops in existing moles but can also appear as a new, abnormal growth.

Symptoms of Melanoma include:

  • A mole or spot that changes in size, shape, or colour
  • A new, unusual growth or lesion on the skin
  • Asymmetry, irregular borders, uneven colour, or larger size of a mole
  • Itching, bleeding, or crusting of a mole or skin lesion

Treatment:

Surgical excision is the primary treatment for melanoma. If the melanoma has spread to other parts of the body, additional treatments, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, may be used. Early detection is critical in improving survival rates, and
regular self-examinations are vital for identifying potential melanoma.

Actinic Keratosis (AK) – Pre-cursor to Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Actinic Keratosis (AK), also known as sunspots, is a pre-cancerous condition that can lead to the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) if left untreated. These rough, scaly patches often appear on areas of the skin that have been damaged by UV exposure over time, such as the face, ears, neck, hands, or forearms.

Treatment:

Common treatments for AK include cryotherapy (freezing), topical treatments like 5-fluorouracil (Efudix), and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Early treatment of AK is essential to prevent the progression to SCC.

Other Rare Skin Cancers

In addition to BCC, SCC, and melanoma, there are several rarer forms of skin cancer, such as:

  • Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A rare and aggressive form of skin cancer that appears as a painless, firm nodule, usually on sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, or arms. Merkel cell carcinoma can grow rapidly and metastasize to other parts of the body.
  • Atypical Fibroxanthoma: A rare skin tumor that shares some characteristics with
    SCC but tends to behave more aggressively. It often appears as a rapidly growing lesion on sun-damaged skin.
  • Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: A rare tumor that usually occurs on the face and may present with a slow-growing, painless swelling.
  • Mycosis Fungoides: A type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the skin, leading to red patches or plaques.

These rare skin cancers may require specialized treatment and care, typically managed by oncologists and dermatologists at cancer treatment centres.

Skin Cancer in Australia

Australia has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world, due to its high levels of UV radiation. With over 450,000 new cases of non-melanoma skin cancers diagnosed each year, skin cancer remains a major public health issue. Additionally, melanoma diagnoses are increasing, with 12,000 new cases diagnosed annually in the country.

The Importance of Early Detection

The key to successful treatment and recovery from skin cancer is early detection. Regular skin checks, sun protection, and being proactive about changes to your skin are essential. If you notice any changes in existing moles or develop new growths, it’s important to seek medical advice as soon as possible.

How We Can Help

At Shire Doctors and Dentists, we offer comprehensive skin cancer screening and treatment options, including both surgical and non-surgical approaches. Whether you’re concerned about a new mole, an existing skin growth, or need advice on sun protection, our experienced team is here to help. We use the latest technologies and evidence-based practices to ensure the best outcomes for our patients.

If you have concerns about your skin or are due for a skin check, contact us today to schedule an appointment. We are dedicated to supporting your skin health and providing early intervention for optimal treatment outcomes. Call 02 9063 8650 or email info@shiredoctorsanddentists.com.au to book your skin check at Shire Skin Cancer Centre.

Don’t wait — take charge of your skin health today. Contact us now to protect yourself and your loved ones.

Book Your Skin Check Now

Detect early signs of Melanoma here at Shire Doctors & Dentists with our potentially life-saving Skin Cancer check service.

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Start 2025 Healthier, with Protected Skin!

We’re excited to announce the expansion of our Skin Cancer Clinic. In addition to Dr Sherif Francis, who has nearly 30 years’ experience in providing comprehensive skin checks and both surgical and non-surgical skin cancer treatments, Dr Christene Mikhail will be joining us. She has completed her Master of Medicine in Skin Cancer and is now providing comprehensive skin checks and advanced treatment for all types of skin lesions.

Begin the year with peace of mind and book your skin check today if it’s been more than a year. Your health matters!

Our fees will increase effective Monday, February 10th, 2025. Please visit our “Fees” page for a full list of our pricing.